Abiotic and biotic factors, together with a suite of population demographic traits are likely key for species propensity and invasion success. After its detection in the spanish tomatogrowing area at the end of 2006, it spread quickly to other european and northern african countries. Currently recommended lures are rubber septa loaded with 0. The bioecology of tuta absoluta tuta absoluta is a holometabolous insect with a high rate of reproduction gebremariam, 2015. Tuta absoluta is moving rapidly to the east to engulf all of the mediterranean countries. Gelechiidae is a highly destructive insect pest to tomato plants and fruit and is also reported to infest other plants in the solanaceae family. The study investigated the virulence of two subtropical epn species on t. Clarke 1962 changed the genus to gnorimoschema busck. Tuta absoluta, a south american pest of tomato now in the. Tomato leafminer tuta absoluta meyrick is a major pest of tomato plants in south america.
Gelechiidae, is considered to be one of the most devastating pests affecting tomato crops in south america, where crop losses range from 60 to 100%. Tuta absoluta has high rate of reproduction and short life cycle making it very dominant in the infested tomato fields. Laid on foliage or fruit usually singly, but also in groups of 25. First recorded in 2016 it is now prevalent countrywide. Tuta absoluta small moth native to south america major pest of tomatoes and other solanaceous plants nightshades photo. The spread of the pest has been exceptionally rapid, and it is now present throughout europe, the middle east and north africa. In the laboratory trial of 2010, due to the low number of live larvae in the control, a one way.
May 15, 20 tomato leafminer tuta absoluta meyrick is a major pest of tomato plants in south america. Tomato growers are recording up to 100% crop loss, this pest is. Surveillance protocol for the tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta, for nappo. Control and management of tomato leafminer tuta absoluta. Tuta absoluta was first officially reported in kenya in march 2014 at isiolo and has spread to all parts where tomato is grown. We will definitely let the nation know if indeed the tuta absoluta has been detected in zimbabwe. Tuta absoluta was originally described as phthorimaea absoluta meyrick 1917 from a single male which was collected in huancayo, peru. The total live cycle is completed with in 3035 days. In ethiopia, night temperature is very low and day temperature is very high. Application of a biorational control strategy is the sustainable way to deal with tuta absoluta. The tomato borer, tuta absoluta meyrick lepidoptera. The arrangement of the genus of this species has been changed three times. It is well known as a serious pest of tomato crops in europe, africa, western asia and south and central america.
Tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta meyrick is a pest of solanaceae crops, particularly tomato lycopersicon esculentum miller and potato solanum tuberosum linnaeus in the world. Sp 1 surveillance protocol for the tomato leaf miner, tuta. Life cycle of the tomato leaf miner recognize the problem the tomato leaf miner is a species of moth which causes widespread damage to tomato crops by mining plant tissues, particularly the leaves. Life cycle of tuta absoluta tomato leaf mining moth youtube. Andermatt biocontrol successfully developed tutavir, a novel baculovirusbased insecticide for the specific control of the tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta. Tuta absoluta has a life cycle of about 3 weeks, and it feeds on solanum crops such as potato, pepper and eggplant, rendering it a serious economic risk to our farmers. Impacts of tuta absoluta in kenya and zambia impacts of tuta absoluta were estimated for kenya and zambia during a household survey conducted in 2018. It has the potential of inflicting serious and lasting damage to strategic crops for many countries and communities. Wherever significant difference occurred, tukey s multiple comparison test was applied for mean separation. The south american tomato leaf minermoth tuta absoluta is the major pest of tomatoes in brazil.
Biological and eradication parameters of the tomato leafminer. Later, the pest was reported as gnorimoschema absoluta, scrobipalpula absoluta povolny, or scrobipalpuloides absoluta povolny, but was finally described under the genus tuta as t. Pdf life cycle of tuta absoluta meyrick, 1917 lepidoptera. Realtime pcr assay for rapid identification of tuta. Insecticide application for control of the pest is uneconomical for subsistence farming and beyond the earnings of majority of resourcepoor farmers in africa. Alshabaab as it leaves unimaginable damage of the crop after infestations. Biological and eradication parameters of the tomato. Tuta absoluta can destroy an entire tomato farm, whether in the open field or in a greenhouse, if effective control measures are not employed.
Adult females lay eggs on host plants and a mature female can lay up to 260 eggs before completing its life cycle. Aveerage egg, larval and pupal periods was recorded 3, 8. Tuta absoluta can overwinter as eggs, pupae or adults depending on environmental conditions. Each female may lay up to 300 eggs and 1012 generations can be. Insecticide resistance action committee best management. It is considered a devastating pest of tomato barrientos et al.
Gelechiidae is an invasive insect pest of tomato and other solanaceous plants which is rapidly expanding its geographic range. The mining occurs between the upper and lower epidermis layers. It rapidly spread into several european countries, becoming a key pest. Gelechiidae, commonly known as the south american tomato leafminer, is a native of south america and is a serious pest of tomato, solanum lycopersicum l. South american tomato leafminer tuta absoluta north. One female may lay up to 260 eggs during her life, which are deposited on the aboveground parts of the plant. Tuta absoluta reproduces rapidly, with a life cycle ranging from 2438 days. It first appeared in the mediterranean region in 2006.
Behavioral responses of tuta absoluta to a wild and cultivated tomato plants and characterization of the mediating. Jan 03, 2017 pupation may take place in the soil, on the leaf surface or within mines. It has spread to mediterranean and middle eastern countries, moving up into greenhouse areas of hungary and southern germany. Tuta absoluta larva showing the patterned prothoracic shield just behind the head. Sangmi lee, hasbrouck insect collection, arizona state. First report of tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta meyrick. It was first recorded in the uk in 2009 where it has been subjected to eradication policies. Also known as the tomato leafminer, the pest is originally from south america, where it remains a problem. Harmfulness and population dynamics of tuta absoluta meyrick, 1917 in strumica region dusan spasov, dragica spasova, biljana atanasova abstract. Can complete up to 12 generations per year depending on temperature. Tuta absoluta or tomato leaf miner is a devastating lepidopteran pest of tomato and other solanaceae crops, including. Tuta absoluta meyrick is an invasive lepidopteran pest species native to south america that has undergone a massive range expansion since 2006 to encompass large portions of eurasia, africa, parts of central america, and the caribbean campos et al. Gelechiidae the old and new challenge ciclo xxiv anno accademico 20102011 scientific area code agr11.
Recently tuta absoluta considered to be a serious threat to tomato production in mediterranean region. It can complete its life cycle in three weeks in the tropics urbanej a et al. Like many gelechiidae species, the larvae of this micromoth feed internally on various parts of their host plants and are therefore particularly difficult to manage. Evidence of rapid spread and establishment of tuta. Under openfield conditions tuta absoluta is usually found up till m above sea level. Overwintering can occur at any stage in the life cycle of.
Tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta,tomato pest, potato pest. It is on a2 list of the european and mediterranean plant protection organisation eppo. Pdf life cycle of south american tomato leaf miner, tuta. The crop pest, tuta absoluta, which can cause extreme damage in tomatoes, eggplants, aubergine, sweet peppers and potatoes, whilst also feeding on weeds from the solanaceae family was found in the kadawa irrigation valley, which is the major producing area. The newly introduced pest from south america finding the shores of the mediterranean a perfect new home where it can breed between 1012 generations a year. The total life cycle is completed within 3035 days. The total life cycle is completed in an average of 24. Management of tuta absoluta lepidoptera, gelechiidae with insecticides on tomatoes 337 variance. Management of tuta absoluta lepidoptera, gelechiidae. Average length of the life cycle of tuta absoluta at different temperatures. Tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta meyrick, 1917 lepidoptera.
This specimen is deposited in the natural history museum, london, uk. Management of tuta absoluta lepidoptera, gelechiidae with. Guidelines for the control of tuta absoluta 2016 the south american tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta. These mines are formed by the larva small caterpillars. Leaf mines are wide, silvery, and gradually become brown and necrotic. The insects will mine the leaves and burrow into the fruits of tomato, potato, beans and aubergine making them unfit for consumption. Tuta absoluta has a life cycle of about 3 weeks, and it feeds on solanum crops such as potato, pepper and eggplant, rendering it a serious economic risk to our. Pdf south american tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta meyrick, 1971 lepidoptera. The pest prefers higher temperatures meaning the higher the temperature, the faster it will reproduce. Gelechiidae is an oligophagus insect pest of tomato and. Final instar larvae reach a maximum length of 8 mm, and can also be pink in colour figure 3. Recommendations for mass trapping tuta absoluta lures. Pdf life cycle of south american tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta. Multivoltine twelve generations in a year average 260 eggs laid by a female larvae mine in the mesophyll of the leaf four larval instars pupates in the soil and sometimes in the leaves prefers tomato but can complete in other solanaceous plants.
The invasive tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta in south africa tuta absoluta has a life cycle of about 3 weeks, and it feeds on solanum crops such as potato, pepper and eggplant, rendering it a serious economic risk to our farmers. Tuta absoluta completes its life cycle in approximately 2938 days 28. Tomato leafminer tuta absoluta meyrick is a major pest of tomato. Some larvae may be present in the fruit and stems of the target crop. This presentation is about tuta absoluta, an invasive moth. Adults are nocturnal and hide between leaves during the daytime. Tuta absoluta is a species of moth in family gelechiidae known by the common names tomato leafminer, tomato pinworm and south american tomato moth. Control of the tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta meyrick. Tuta absoluta is a micro lepidopteron moth with high reproductive potential. Adult females lay eggs on host plants and a mature female can. Its primary host is tomato, although potato, aubergine, common bean, and various wild solanaceous plants are also suitable hosts. The objective of this research is to monitor the number of tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta meyrick, 1917 population in the strumica region, over two harvests, spring and summer, in 2011. Behavioral responses of tuta absoluta to a wild and. Timespan in days of tuta absoluta lifestages developing at the various.
It has a highly damaging effect on tomatoes and potential of threatening food production and consequently national food security. In order to develop integrated management strategy against recently introduced invasive south american tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta meyrick, 1917 in nepal, life cycle and few biological. Evidence of rapid spread and establishment of tuta absoluta. The tomato leaf miner moth was found in abuja, kano, funtua, lagos and port harcourt major tomato production regions of the country. It also occurs on weeds of the solanaceae family solanum nigrum, datura spp. Tuta absoluta has four larval instars, with each stage developing and feeding within mines inside the leaf. It has a life cycle that starts as an egg, before developing into a caterpillar then caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. Tuta absoluta, the tomato leaf miner, is a small moth that is causing big problems to agriculture and horticulture across the globe. Click to download a pdf version of this publication. Due to its short life cycle and its hardiness, the tomato leaf miner is difficult to control and poses a significant threat to tomato producers.
Tuta absoluta meyrick, a major invasive pest of solanaceous plants, was recently detected in botswana. Adult tuta absoluta on a sticky trap, viewed from the side and showing the narrow brown speckled wings folded close around the body. Life cycle of south american tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta meyrick, 1917 in nepal article pdf available in journal of entomology and zoology studies 28761. Recently tuta absoluta considered to be a serious threat to tomato production in kenya. Tuta absoluta larvae consume the mesophyll layer of the leaves, stems and fruits, which reduces. The caterpillar lives as a miner in the leaf, stem or fruit but. Tomato solanum esculentum is one of the vegetable crops grown by both smallholder and commercial farmers in the kingdom of eswatini.
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